Due to the increasing severity of environmental pollution caused by plastic, the public has become more aware of the need for environmental protection. In response to this trend, traditional plastic bags are no longer adequate in meeting the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. Instead, there is a need for environmentally friendly plastic bags that can replace them and help mitigate the degradation of the environment.
Currently, the development of degradable plastic bags is replacing traditional plastic bags, making it an emerging trend. In the field of biodegradation, two similar concepts exist: biodegradable and compostable. This article will compare the two concepts and determine which one is better.
Definition of Biodegradable Bags
Biodegradable refers to the materials break down and return to nature. The organic items of biodegradable bags can partially or completely decompose into water, carbon dioxide, methane, energy, and new biomass under the action of microorganisms (bacteria or fungi). In addition to the need for microorganisms, the decomposition process of biodegradable bags also requires specific temperature and humidity.
Biodegradable bags can be categorized into two types – bio-based and fossil-based bags. Bio-based bags are made from starch extracted from corn, potatoes, and some plant fibers, whereas fossil-based bags are produced using non-renewable resources like oil and natural gas. Based on the rate of degradation, these bags can be classified as completely biodegradable or partially biodegradable.
Definition of Compostable Bags
Compostable plastic bags are a type of plastic bag that can decompose into carbon dioxide, water, and other minerals under high soil conditions and time scales. They improve soil fertility, which promotes plant growth and flowering.
There are two commonly used types of compost for disposing of organic waste: home compost and industrial compost. Home compost is ideal for handling food scraps, leaves, and yard wastes. On the other hand, industrial compost uses professional equipment to process household waste in large quantities. In our daily lives, when we talk about composting, we usually refer to industrial compost.
Difference between Biodegradable and Compostable Bags
We often use the terms “biodegradable” and “compostable” interchangeably, but they have different meanings. All compostable bags are biodegradable, but not all biodegradable bags are compostable. The difference between the two lies in their degradation and disposal methods.
Degradation
Biodegradable pouches can decompose under various conditions such as soil, river, and seawater environments, specific installation conditions, and compost conditions. However, compostable bags have more stringent degradation conditions. To decompose, they must be processed into 2 cm pieces and then put into a compost pile. The process of composting also requires temperature and humidity control.
There is a difference between the results of compostable products and biodegradable bags when they degrade. Compostable products’ organic materials can transform into minerals in compost piles, which can help to improve soil fertility and provide essential nutrients for plant growth. However, biodegradable bags do not have this effect.
Disposal
Biodegradable items can be recycled or buried in the soil. They can also be put in an anaerobic digestion unit to decompose. However, some bags are not recycled and they decompose gradually on land. If the conditions are not suitable, they will remain on the land. Compostable pouches should be collected, shredded, and disposed of in a compost pile. Disposing of waste garbage through industrial composting is more expensive.
Which is Better, Biodegradable or Compostable?
Judging from the above analysis, biodegradable bags differ from compostable bags in some aspects. But you will ask which one is better?
All of them need specific conditions for degradation. If biodegradable plastics are not recycled and thrown away in nature, they may not decompose completely or at all, just like traditional plastic bags exist on Earth. The collection and disposal of compostable plastics need more manpower and material resources. For example, if you want to compost at home, you need to find a spot that can make a composting pile or place a compost bin. All composting wastes should be shredded and put into the pile according to a certain proportion. If it is the product of industrial composting, it also needs to undergo rigorous testing to ensure compliance with standards.
From an environmental point of view, a compostable bag is a better choice. For manufacturers, they must consider factors such as final cost and customer demand to choose which material.
After understanding the nuances of biodegradable and compostable bags, you’ll have a clearer decision on choosing sustainable packaging. Depending on your needs, choosing a bag that fits your sustainable lifestyle is best. Remember to use them multiple times and throw them in the recyclable bin whenever possible when you’re done.
Some Frequently Asked Questions
- Are all biodegradable bags compostable?
Not all. Only those bags that meet the conditions for compostability are compostable. In other words, all compostable bags are biodegradable, but biodegradable bags are not necessarily compostable. The easiest way to tell is by the certification mark on the bags.
- What does 100% biodegradable mean?
Items that are 100% biodegradable break down entirely without toxic residue or materials, leaving behind water, carbon dioxide, methane, and humus.
